Tourette Syndrome and other tic disorders are characterized by chronic motor and vocal tics beginning before adulthood. Affected individuals typically have repetitive, stereotyped movements or vocalizations, such as blinking, sniffing, facial movements, or tensing of the abdominal muscles that are perceived as semi-voluntary. These disorders are now considered to be on the OCD spectrum as there is considerable overlap between symptoms, particularly in children.
Habit Reversal Therapy (HRT), during which individuals use competing responses to help resist the urge to tic, has been found to be the most effective treatment for tic disorders.
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